Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease that occurs when the cartilage that cushions the joints breaks down over time. This loss of cartilage leads to pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced joint flexibility. As the condition progresses, bones may start to rub against each other, causing further discomfort and inflammation. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint, but it commonly impacts weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, and spine, as well as the feet and ankles.

The primary risk factors for osteoarthritis include aging, joint injury, obesity, and a family history of the condition. It can also develop due to repetitive stress on the joints or conditions like diabetes. While there is no cure for osteoarthritis, treatments can help manage symptoms and improve function. These treatments may include medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgical interventions to relieve pain and enhance mobility.